Vities in SOL, but not in EDL (Table 1). EtP supplementation for the final 6 weeks did not have an effect on the oxidative metabolism either in SOL or in EDL (Table 1). Elevated CAT (Figure 1) and SOD (Figure 2) activities, as well as accelerated SH Integrin Antagonist Compound oxidation (Figure 3) have been noted in SOL muscle obtained from HFD rats. CAT and SOD activities have been elevated in DP in comparison with DC (p 0.01; p 0.05, respectively). Also SOD activity in CP was greater in comparison with CC (p 0.005), and DC (p 0.05). Such modifications have been not observed in EDL muscle (Table 2).Nutrients 2013, five Table 1. Activities of oxidative metabolism enzymes in soleus (SOL) and extensor digitorum longus (EDL) muscles right after 12 weeks of treatment (signifies E).GSNOR review groups CC SOL HADH (mU/mg protein) CS (mU/mg protein) Fum (mU/mg protein) EDL HADH (mU/mg protein) CS (mU/mg protein) Fum (mU/mg protein) 133 151 6 150 two 61 163 4 124 CP 134 150 136 62 151 0 118 DC 180 two 179 four 169 1 69 158 eight 119 DP 184 168 155 0 63 140 108 p 0.001 most important effect in the diet regime; p 0.05 major impact from the diet.Figure 1. Catalase activity in SOL muscle; handle diet regime (CC), manage diet program and EtP (CP), HFD (DC), HFD and EtP (DP). Values are suggests SE. p 0.05 as compared to CC; p 0.005 as when compared with CC; p 0.005 as in comparison to CP; ## p 0.01 as in comparison to DC.Table 2. Antioxidant enzymes activities and sulfhydryl groups in EDL muscle right after 12 weeks of therapy (means E).Groups CC EDL CAT (U/mg protein) SOD (U/mg protein) SH (nmol/mg protein) 1.86 .07 50.6 .0 272 CP 1.54 .13 51.0 .3 262 DC 1.90 .20 51.1 .six 275 1 DP 1.87 .15 45.1 .4 257 Nutrients 2013, 5 Figure two. Superoxide dismutase activity in SOL muscle; manage diet program (CC), control diet regime and EtP (CP), HFD (DC), HFD and EtP (DP). Values are indicates SE. p 0.05 as when compared with CC; p 0.005 as when compared with CC; # p 0.05 as in comparison with DC.Figure 3. Sulfhydryl groups concentration in SOL muscle; handle diet program (CC), control diet program and EtP (CP), HFD (DC), HFD and EtP (DP). Values are signifies SE. p 0.05 as in comparison to CC; p 0.01 as in comparison to CC; p 0.005 as compared to CC.Plasma insulin concentration following 12 weeks of HFD was larger than in handle rats. Moreover, EtP supplementation triggered the elevation of insulin in each groups CP and DP. The concentration of glucose and HbA1c did not adjust significantly in either group (Table 3).Nutrients 2013, five Table 3. Plasma insulin, glucose and HbA1c in rats right after 12 weeks of treatment (signifies E).Groups Insulin (ng/mL) Glucose (mg/dL) HbA1c ( ) CC 0.49 .14 92.six .8 four.83 .13 CP 1.48 .28 94.five .2 four.73 .10 DC 1.19 .27 94.1 .eight four.70 .05 DP 1.52 .19 96.three .four 4.71 . p 0.01 as in comparison with CC; p 0.05 as compared to CC; p 0.005 as when compared with CC.There was a weak but significant optimistic correlation involving plasma insulin concentration and CAT (r2 = 0.16; p = 0.04), and SOD (r2 = 0.23; p = 0.01) in SOL muscle. 4. Discussion Within the current study, 12 weeks of HFD rats remedy triggered a rise in mitochondrial and antioxidant enzymes activities only in SOL muscle, which was connected with SH oxidation. This impact was not abolished by EtP supplementation. Furthermore, EtP intake alone for 6 weeks elevated SOD activity and SH oxidation, though no modification in mitochondrial metabolism was revealed. This observation does not agree with our hypothesis that EtP supplementation would ameliorate impaired by HFD mitochondrial metabolism. More than recent years, quite a few research have offered information to indicate that abnormalities in.
