Along with the expressionof several genes involved in salicylic acid, jasmonic acid
Along with the expressionof quite a few genes involved in salicylic acid, jasmonic acid, and ethylene-signaling pathways in tomato CDK16 drug plants (Robatzek et al., 2007; Caravaca-Fuentes et al., 2021). Our group has created several households of peptides derived from natural compounds or de novo made. Our goal was to find short sequences with high antimicrobial activity, low toxicity, and higher stability to protease degradation (Montesinos et al., 2012). In unique, we designed and synthesized a library of linear undecapeptides (CECMEL11) (Ferret al., 2006; Badosa et al., 2007), from which we identified sequences with an excellent biological activity profile that have been applied effectively to control diseases triggered by fungal and bacterial plant pathogens of economic significance (Badosa et al., 2007, 2009; Baret al., 2020). Many peptide conjugates from members in the CECMEL11 library, like BP358 (containing flg15 and BP16), showed antimicrobial and plant defense elicitation activities inside the Erwinia amylovora/pear pathosystem (Caravaca-Fuentes et al., 2021). Also, we made a household of hybrid peptides to become made in plant systems. Amongst them, BP178 (KKLFKKILKYL-AGPA-GIGKFLHSAK-KDEL-OH), incorporating BP100 (KKLFKKILKYL), magainin (ten), an AGPA hinge for connecting both, and also a KDEL endoplasmic reticulum retention signal, exhibited a robust bactericidal effect against quite a few plant pathogenic bacteria in addition to a incredibly slight toxicity, but gave an PDE2 web HR-type reaction in tobacco leaves (Badosa et al., 2013). The peptide was expressed in the transgenic rice seed endosperm and protected seedlings from bacterial infection, however the protective effect was not totally explained by its antimicrobial properties (Montesinos et al., 2017). Inside the present study, we planned to elucidate the mechanism of action of BP178 and no matter if it is capable to trigger plant defense responses in tomato as a model plant. Especially, the aim of this work was to figure out in the event the topical application of your peptide to plants (1) protects against bacterial and fungal infection and (two) induces defense and stress-related gene expression. The impact of BP178 was compared to the plant defense elicitor peptide flg15, which has no antimicrobial activity, and towards the parent bactericidal undecapeptide BP100 with bactericidal but no defense elicitor activity.Supplies AND Methods Bacterial and Fungal Strains and Development ConditionsThe bacterial pathogens Xanthomonas campestris pv. vesicatoria Xcv206 (Xcv) (D. F. Ritchie, Department of Plant Pathology, North Carolina State University) and Pseudomonas syringae pv. tomato DC3000 (Pto) (J. Murillo, Plant Pathology, Public University of Navarra, Spain), as well as the necrotrophic fungus Botrytis cinerea (Bc) (CECT 20518) have been utilized. Bacterial strains have been cultured in LB agar for 24 h at 28 C and scrapped in the surface to prepare suspensions adjusted to 108 CFU/ml. Bc was grown on potato dextrose agar (PDA) for ten days at 23 C. Spores were collected by spreading sterile distilled water containing 0.01 (v/v) tween-20 onto the surface of the plate. The sporeFrontiers in Plant Science | www.frontiersinOctober 2021 | Volume 12 | ArticleMontesinos et al.BP178 Bactericidal and Elicitor Peptidesuspension was filtered by means of three layers of sterile cheesecloth and adjusted to 5 105 spores/ml.Synthesis of PeptidesPeptides BP178 (KKLFKKILKYLAGPAGIGKFLHSAKKDELOH), flg15 (RINSAKDDAAGLQIA-OH), and BP100 (KKLFKKILKYL-NH2 ) had been synthesized making use of the strong phase.
